When installing sewerage lines, special fasteners - clamps are used to correctly fix the pipe sections. They are made of metal and plastic. Structurally, clamps made of different materials are similar, geometrical dimensions and fixtures for holding screws differ.
Clamp design and fastening advantages
The clamp design consists of several basic elements:
- half rings;
- special sealing gaskets;
- an element that fixes the hairpin;
- stud screw.
The structure is attached to the wall with screws, anchors or dowels. If the product is matched to already purchased pipes, it is important to choose the correct section of the fastener. For example, a pipe clamp for commonly used sewer pipes with an outside diameter of 110 mm should be of a similar size on the inside.
It is easier if the mount comes complete with pipe sections, fitting parts, and other sewer fittings.
The main advantage of using pipe clamps is structural reliability. Rubber gaskets inside them reduce the noise and vibration of the wastewater. Among the disadvantages of such elements, only one can be distinguished - they do not have a presentable appearance.
Types of fasteners for sewage
When carrying out plumbing work, the following types of fasteners are used to fix sewer networks:
- Crimp. They can be used to fix and crimp at the junction of pipe sections and fitting elements to increase the tightness of the joined joints.
- Guides. Used when positioning the sewer pipeline relative to the supporting base. These are markers rather than attachment parts.
- Supporting. Needed to secure the line to the wall. Such fixing parts are equipped with rubber gaskets to compensate for vibration and linear deformation.
- Safety. Installed in difficult areas that require additional fixation.
Fireproof clamps are also produced. They are used if the riser and the pipeline itself are made of polymeric materials. In the event of a fire, such a sleeve will prevent the spread of fire and smoke along the line or through the hole in the stove.
The fixing elements are made of steel and plastic. Both types are quite simple and easy to install.
When choosing which clamps to buy - from plastic or metal - pay attention to the aesthetics of the room where the sewer pipeline will be located. This is important if it is carried out in an open way and is not hidden inside interior structures or walls. PVC mounts are visually more attractive and less noticeable.
Steel products with rubber gaskets have greater rigidity, therefore they are used to secure heavy lines. The gasket installed in them provides a soft tight joint and protects the pipeline from premature wear at the attachment points.
Polymer products are not suitable if:
- heavy cast iron pipes are placed;
- additional equipment is installed on the highway;
- the sewer pipeline is operated under vibration conditions.
The clamp for fastening cast-iron sewer pipes should only be metal. Depending on the cross-section of the line, different types of fasteners are selected. After all, the larger the diameter, the heavier the pipe.For sections with a cross section of 50 mm, heavy load products are suitable, and for 110 mm, heavy load clamps are chosen. Fasteners are made of galvanized steel strip.
The design characteristics of the clamp holders are standard and must meet all the parameters specified in GOST. Each manufacturer must indicate the typical dimensions not only in the quality certificate, but also on the surface of the fastener.
Work technology
In plumbing works, two types of clamp attachment of highways are used: rigid and floating. In the first case, the pipes are fixed with crimping parts, which are fed under the socket or put on the body of the fitting element. Their main task is to reliably fix the junction of pipe sections or pipes and fittings.
The second option is performed using guides or support fasteners, which ensure the integrity of the pipeline during its thermal deformations. It is needed if the communications are made of polymers, since they are modified under the influence of temperature extremes. The inner diameter of the fixing piece must be larger than the outer section of the pipe section, which allows the pipeline to move in the longitudinal direction.
For both options, the same types of fasteners are used. But there are also fasteners that are used exclusively for floating fixing. Clamps of this type are not equipped with clamping, tightening bolts. They are convenient because they snap into place and do not require the use of special equipment during their installation.
Installation of standard clamps is straightforward. A hole is drilled in the wall, a clamp is fixed to the dowel, after which the pipe is installed in the retainer and the crimp screws are tightened. When using plastic elements, they simply snap into place.
If it is necessary to leave a large distance between the sewage pipeline and the basement floor, the installation of fasteners is carried out differently. Anchor dowels with an internal thread are fixed in the ceiling, a threaded rod of the required length is screwed in, and a clamp is installed on it.
Fixing rules
In order for the sewerage wiring to be done efficiently, it is necessary to follow certain rules. Strict compliance with the standards allows you to protect the sewer pipeline from factors leading to deformation: increased pressure, vibration, rust and blockages.
When securing sewer pipes with clamps, consider:
- The distance between the pipe and the wall should be kept to a minimum. If it is necessary to increase the distance, special fixing elements made of metal are used.
- The step with which the clamps will be mounted depends on the section of the pipe. At 50 mm, the distance will be 400 mm, at 100 mm - 800 mm.
- Fasteners are installed only on level areas, the distance to the turn is not less than 150 mm. Be sure to fix the joints of pipes and fittings. To reliably determine the locations of the fasteners, you will need to draw a general scheme of the highway in advance and transfer it with the center lines directly to the walls.
- Clamp holders are installed with a minimum pipeline slope of 2 cm per meter.
Each pipe must be secured with at least one non-slip fastener, usually located at the socket - the place where it joins with other parts of the pipeline.
During operation, the sewer system is exposed to loads, vibrations, and temperature fluctuations. This means that pipe lines require reliable fixation to walls or other supporting surfaces. Dowels or anchors for the installation of fasteners must be firmly held in the supporting material without coloring and cracking.
