Requirements for ventilation with gas stoves and boilers: schemes, SNIPs, installation

When natural gas is burned, oxides of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, formaldehydes are released. Accumulating in the air, they cause lethargy, dizziness, watery eyes and the development of serious diseases. In addition, the combustion products of domestic gas are explosive. Therefore, any room with gas equipment must be equipped with ventilation.

Ventilation is the key to safe and efficient equipment operation

Ventilation in a kitchen with a gas stove or a boiler protects not only the health of people.

Oxygen is required for high-quality combustion of gas. With its lack, in the process of combustion, a lot of carbon monoxide and under-oxidized substances are released into the air. You can notice this by the yellow color of the flame, high with abundant soot.

The efficiency of gas equipment decreases - the same amount of fuel burns out, and less heat is released.

An even greater danger is the natural gas itself, which can get into the air of the room, for example, if a draft blew out the fire on the burner, the gas supply hose to the stove is dry, or the gas boiler breaks down.

The choice of a gas ventilation system in a private house or apartment depends on the type of boiler and the characteristics of the boiler room.

Requirements for ventilation of a room with a gas boiler

The ventilation requirements for a room with a gas boiler or a kitchen with a stove are similar.

Gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with a coaxial ventilation duct, which simultaneously supplies air to the burner from the street and removes combustion products.

Installation of ventilation in a room with a gas boiler must be carried out taking into account the technological requirements and standards:

• No more than 2 units of gas equipment are connected to the chimney, regardless of their distance and level of location;
• Combustion products must enter the chimney at a distance of at least 50 cm at different levels;
• If the supply is carried out from one level, a cut with a height of 50 cm or more is installed in the chimney;
• The ventilation system for a gas boiler in a private house must be absolutely tight. Minimal leakage of carbon monoxide and soot, potentially dangerous to human life, is not allowed;
• The seams at the joints of the chimneys are treated with a sealant that is resistant to high temperatures;
• To prevent fire, all components of the system are provided with thermal insulation;
• Ventilation is provided on the basis of: outflow in the amount of three times air exchange, supply in the amount of outflow plus the volume of combustion air.

Ventilation device for a room with a gas boiler

There are the following types of ventilation for a gas boiler in a private house:

• Natural and mechanical by the principle of traction;
• Exhaust, supply and combined for the intended purpose;
• Channel and channelless in terms of design.

When equipping the ventilation of a room with a gas boiler with an open combustion chamber, the following shall be taken into account:

• In a room with a gas boiler, a ventilation chimney is installed to remove carbon monoxide to the street;
• A general exhaust ventilation system is being arranged from a room with a gas boiler;
• Supply ventilation is provided in the boiler room for the gas boiler, supplying fresh air and oxygen from the street.

As supply ventilation for a room with a gas boiler, cracks in windows and doors, gaps through which air can enter the room, are quite suitable. This is especially true for private houses, where a separate room is allocated for the boiler.

If the room is closed hermetically, a special system and supply ventilation for the gas boiler is required.

When choosing equipment, one should take into account the power of the boiler, otherwise the costs of installing gas ventilation will not justify themselves. The oxygen supply must be sufficient to maintain a normal flame. Otherwise, soot accumulates on the heat exchanger, and the heat output decreases. If there is no air flow in a room with a gas boiler, the atmosphere in it is discharged. The oxygen level drops, reverse draft may appear, that is, the combustion products will be pulled into the room. A dangerous situation is when the boiler is installed in the kitchen. Absorbing oxygen, it will cause oxygen starvation in people: pain in the eyes, headache, malaise.

When calculating the air flow, the volumes of the room in which the boiler is installed are also taken into account.

Air movement principle

With mechanical draft, the air is driven by a fan. It is located in the ventilation grill at the air duct inlet to the room. With natural draft, the air moves due to the pressure difference between the street and the room. And even if you have good natural draft, it will be useful to install a small exhaust fan that will keep the air moving.

If you equip a mechanical air supply, then an increased pressure is created in the room and the exhaust air is pushed out through the duct.

Exhaust ventilation works by forcibly removing exhaust air.

There is another type of gas boiler room ventilation - supply and exhaust or combined. In this case, it is a combination of the previously described systems.

Duct or ductless ventilation

Channelless ventilation for a gas boiler in a private house is a hole in the ceiling or walls. Holes connect adjacent rooms. For example, a hole is made between the bathroom and the toilet, and a ventilation duct is brought out from the toilet.

Duct ventilation of a room with a gas boiler is a complex system of ventilation pipes running through the house. This type is most relevant for humid and dusty rooms.

The cross-section of the pipes and their location must be calculated by a specialist.

Installation of ventilation in a room with a gas boiler

Making a kitchen ventilation system with a gas stove or boiler is not so difficult. Any owner with a basic set of tools and some skills can handle this.

Exhaust ventilation

For a gas boiler exhaust ventilation device you will need:

• a fan (preferably with a check valve, so that air from outside does not penetrate into the apartment or house);
• ventilation grill;
• PVC duct-pipe with a suitable diameter for the fan.

Work progress:

• Place a circle around where the duct opening will be. Make the diameter of the circle a little larger;
• Using a punch, drill holes with a small pitch in a circle and one in the middle;
• Gently knock out the middle with a hammer and a chisel and get a round hole into which the pipe is inserted;
• Seal the cracks between the pipe and the wall with foam or mortar;
• Install an exhaust fan;
• The last step is to attach a ventilation grill, which will give the structure a finished look and protect the housing from insects and debris.

Forced ventilation

When equipping supply gas ventilation in a private house, several important rules should be taken into account.

The basis of the system is the supply unit. It takes air from the street, filters, cools or warms and delivers it into the room. Low-power household equipment is suitable for an apartment or residential building. The main advantage of such ventilation is quiet operation and complete comfort in the room.

The simplest variant of a supply unit is a supply fan. It is installed according to the above diagram.

Gas water heater ventilation

The main requirement for ventilation for a gas column is the presence of a chimney. It is made from metal corrugated pipe, steel or coaxial pipe. The most effective is a coaxial chimney, so this option for ventilation of a gas column is in great demand. It is a reliable system that has been running smoothly for many years without failures or malfunctions. The features of the chimney depend on the power of the gas column.

Any chimney for a column includes:

• protective umbrella (crowns the structure);
• the pipe itself (made with or without thermal insulation);
• the passage branch pipe separates the pipe from the wall of the house;
• fasteners-brackets;
• clamps are installed at the joints of pipe sections;
• adapter from pipe to column;
• inspection window to check the condition of the chimney;
• condensate container.

It is important that throughout the entire chimney its inner diameter is the same, the parameters are indicated in the instructions for the column. The total length of the chimney is from 4 meters. It is important to take into account the climatic conditions; in cold climates, it is preferable to insulate the chimney. When installing ventilation in a private house for a gas boiler or a column, the end of the chimney is brought out 1 m above the roof.

Requirements for the chimney of the gas column

• 

  The chimney must be made taking into account all the requirements of SNiP;

• The gas water heater must have its own chimney;
• It is necessary to ensure the tightness of the smoke exhaust, otherwise gas leaks may occur;
• The material for the chimney must be resistant to moisture and temperature;
• The chimney must be rigidly and firmly fixed to the wall, without sagging;
• The main thing that needs to be achieved when installing ventilation for a gas water heater is the uniformity of the draft. The easiest way to achieve this is using smooth pipes with a round cross section;
• The main indicator for choosing the diameter of the chimney is the size of the inlet;
• The chimney is installed vertically, which provides excellent draft;
• In the lower part of the chimney, an inspection hatch is equipped, at the same time condensate is drained through it.

Installation of a chimney for a gas water heater

• The pass-through pipe is installed in the wall, from the outside, a 90-degree turn is attached to it. The column itself is attached from the inside;
• A chimney pipe is installed outside. This is done sequentially, one pipe at a time from bottom to top. The joints are reinforced with clamps;
• We distribute the fasteners evenly along the length of the pipe and fasten them to the wall. The optimum distance between the fasteners is 2 m. The pipe should not bend;
• We install an umbrella on the top, and a viewing window at the very bottom of the pipe;
• At the end of the installation, we check the thrust. We bring a lighted match to the chimney. If the flame leans into the pipe, the job is done well.

Kitchen ventilation with gas stove

Natural ventilation for gas stoves, equipped in all apartment and private houses, most often does not fulfill its purpose. The reasons are inadequate design, builders' mistakes, lack of maintenance and cleaning. The simplest test is whether ventilation works in the kitchen with a gas stove: smoke a cigarette in the room and return to it after 15 to 20 minutes. Strong smoke smell? This means that the requirements for ventilation of a kitchen with a gas stove are not met and it is time to improve the system.

Requirements for ventilation of a kitchen with a gas stove

To ensure sufficient air exchange, a room with a gas stove must meet the following requirements for ventilation of a kitchen with a gas stove SNiP 42-01:

• Ceiling height over 2 m 20 cm;
• The presence of a ventilation duct or window with an openable window in the upper part;
• Under the door or in the lower part of it, a gap or openings with a total area of ​​25 sq. cm.

Air outflow

The most common way to normalize ventilation over a gas stove is to install an extractor hood. The fan will extract air rising above the hob, food odors and carbon monoxide. And the wide hood of the hood will direct the fumes directly into the duct. Thus, the cooker hood provides forced draft ventilation of the kitchen with a gas stove. The cost of hoods varies widely and depends on the power, additional functions, design and manufacturer.

There are two types of hoods:

• with filtration and air recirculation;
• with exhaust air outlet to the outside.

Hoods of the first type cannot be called part of the ventilation system, because they do not participate in air exchange in any way. But the latter fully ensure the outflow of exhaust air. In place of which fresh is drawn from the street. But if plastic windows are installed in the kitchen with a gas stove, supply ventilation requires additional measures.

The hood power is selected according to the formula:

M = O * 10

ABOUT - the volume of air in the kitchen, calculated as follows:

O =H * L * S

H - the height of the room,L - the length of the room,S - the width of the room.

According to regulatory documents, it is allowed to equip mechanical ventilation for a gas boiler of the inflow-exhaust system in residential apartments of apartment buildings, without disrupting the operation of general ventilation. That is, it is impossible to bring the exhaust duct into the shaft, completely blocking the ventilation grill. Otherwise, when the hood is off, ventilation in the room of the gas boiler or kitchen will not function.

The problem is solved with the help of a special ventilation grill with an outlet for a round duct.

All the secrets of connecting the hood in the video:

Air inflow

The supply of fresh air, necessary for the normal operation of gas equipment and the well-being of people, is carried out by air inlets.

The following types of air inlets for ventilation of a gas stove in a private house or apartment are presented on the market:

• Window supply valve. Built into the sash of a plastic window, it works automatically or in manual mode. Prone to icing in especially severe frosts;
• Wall inlet valve. Installation requires a hole in the outer wall. There are models with air filtration, it can be automatic;
• Ventilator. It is hung on the lower sash of the plastic door, it works from the mains. It not only filters the supply air, but also warms it up.

Any of the listed devices for supply ventilation of a kitchen with a gas stove or a boiler can be installed independently using our recommendations.