How to make a ventilation system in a cottage with your own hands: projects, installations, basements

A ventilation system in a cottage is necessary even if there is a forest or an open field around, a river and no industrial giants, and the house itself was built from natural "breathing" materials.

Depending on the size and architectural features of the cottage, the ventilation project can be based on natural or mechanical draft. What is the ventilation device of the cottage and can you assemble it yourself?

Design and types of ventilation of cottages

When designing ventilation for a cottage, the area, the purpose of the premises, the geographical location and the mode of use of the building are taken into account. The fundamental difference between the ventilation scheme of a cottage and an apartment is in lightweight outdoor air filtration systems. In addition, when designing a cottage, you can immediately provide for the laying of ventilation shafts.

In cottages with your own hands, you can equip one of three types of ventilation:

• supply and exhaust ventilation of the cottage with natural draft;
• supply and exhaust with forced draft, including energy efficient one with heat recovery;
• combined supply and exhaust.

We will tell you how to choose the right ventilation for your cottage and make it yourself below.

Natural ventilation of the cottage

Natural ventilation in a cottage is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of ventilation. The movement of air into and out of the house is carried out due to the difference in pressure and temperature of the air outside and inside. Traction intensity is influenced by wind direction, air temperature and atmospheric pressure.

With natural ventilation of the cottage, air is drawn from the premises and replaced by outdoor air. For this scheme to work effectively in modern conditions, it is necessary to provide an air flow.

In the original version, the air entered through the cracks between the logs, in the window openings and under the doors. It was pulled out through the chimney.

Technologies used in modern cottage construction allow to achieve almost complete building tightness. And there are stoves and fireplaces far away in every home. How to make ventilation in a cottage with plastic windows and a modern heating system?

Before you start arranging ventilation in a cottage, you should weigh all the pros and cons of a natural ventilation system for a cottage.

Pros:

• inexpensive equipment;
• easy installation;
• no operating costs;
• works silently.

Minuses:

• ventilation efficiency depends on weather conditions;
• in winter, cold air is supplied to the living quarters, that is, heating costs may increase;
• natural ventilation will not cope if the house has a pool.

You will have to think about additional ventilation for the steam room.

Armed with knowledge, the owner himself will be able to build such a cottage ventilation system with his own hands.

Air supply in the cottage

You can rely on the vents and periodic airing.But high-quality natural ventilation of the cottage must ensure constant air movement at a speed of no more than 0.2 meters per second. Therefore, special valves are installed for the inflow.

The window inlets are built directly into the window frame. They let in a small amount of air, sufficient for natural air exchange. At the same time, there is no draft in the house and the valve can be closed if it is very cold outside.

Wall inlet valves work according to the same principle. These are pipes covered with bars on both sides. From the street, a silencer and sometimes a filter are adjacent to the grill. From the inside, the air duct is covered with a regulating curtain, with the help of which the air flow is made larger, smaller or completely blocked.

Improved supply valves for the natural ventilation system of the cottage open and close automatically. They work under the control of humidity sensors.

Air outflow

The cottage ventilation project is provided by air ducts, the outputs of which are located in the most "dirty" or damp parts of the house: a bathroom and a kitchen.

Inside the premises, the exits are covered with plastic grilles. The outer end of the pipe should protrude 0.7 - 1 meter above the roof level. Otherwise, you will not see good traction. The end of the cottage's exhaust air duct is covered with an umbrella from rain and snow. Ventilation will work better in two- or three-story cottages than in one-story cottages.

It is necessary to provide ventilation shafts in advance, even at the stage of wall construction. It is advisable to order a project of natural ventilation of a cottage for a professional, he will accurately calculate the width of the ventilation ducts, the number of supply valves.

If the house is bought ready-made and the air exchange system is not provided in it, the owner will inevitably face the question “how to arrange ventilation in the cottage?”. You will have to disturb the interior decoration a little, but even in a completely finished house you can find a place for exhaust ventilation ducts. Supply valves for ventilation of the cottage with their own hands can be installed by the owner.

Combined cottage ventilation

The combined ventilation device of the cottage is natural, enhanced by technical means.

As a rule, the inflow is provided by the same valves. But the outflow of air is carried out forcibly. When choosing fans, one should take into account not only power, but also noise performance. After all, if in a noisy city 20 decibels are completely invisible to residents, in nature they can create inconveniences.

Methods for organizing forced air exhaust:

• In a small cottage, it is quite enough to install an exhaust fan in each ventilation outlet (in the toilet and bathroom and in the kitchen). In the kitchen, a mechanical extractor hood is additionally arranged above the hob. You can install the simplest fans that are turned on by a button or powered from the same line with lighting. The light is on - the hood is working. There are models that work from presence sensors - there is a person in the room - the hood is working. A serious disadvantage of such a system is that there is no constant air exchange. It only pulls when the fans are on. The rest of the time, the operation of the system depends on the weather;
• Air ducts from the kitchen and bathrooms are collected in one ventilation duct, into which the fan is mounted. It is usually installed in the attic. Some additional ventilation equipment is also located here. Such a ventilation project for a cottage should be developed by a professional. It is important to select the correct fan power and provide the system with humidity sensors. Thus, everything happens as if by itself. A mechanical hood creates a vacuum in the house, which is compensated for by sucking in fresh air through the supply valves.

When planning how to make ventilation in the cottage, you can choose another option.It is more expensive and difficult to install, but it provides the best conditions for residents.

This is a forced air supply, which eliminates a significant drawback of the natural ventilation system of a cottage: the supply of cold air. The supply equipment heats up clean outdoor air with an electric heater or a water heater, and it enters the living rooms at the optimum temperature. The supply unit can be type-set or monoblock. Air is distributed throughout the rooms through air ducts, and is supplied to the room by a diffuser in the ceiling or on the wall.

By increasing the pressure in the rooms, the exhaust air is simply “squeezed out” into the corridors, and from there into the ventilation ducts (kitchen and bathroom).

The supply unit is not cheap, and even rather cumbersome. In large and comfortable cottages, a special room is allocated for equipment.

Supply and exhaust ventilation of the cottage

This is the most efficient ventilation system for the cottage. Only specialists design the supply and exhaust ventilation system for cottages. It is necessary to correctly spread a network of air ducts around the house, calculate their diameter, install additional equipment in the right places, and select fans. Therefore, it is necessary to design the ventilation of the cottage simultaneously with the design of the building itself.

With such a ventilation scheme, filtered and heated (cooled) air enters the rooms and at the same time the exhaust is drawn out. The main advantage of the supply and exhaust ventilation system is the automatic operation with the specified parameters. Air conditioning is not required in a cottage with a forced-air ventilation system.

The most modern systems are equipped with a recuperator, which makes it possible to use the heat of the exhaust air to heat the supply air. A recuperator is a heat exchanger that receives heat from one air stream and transfers it to another. Heat recovery saves heat resources, operating costs are reduced by an average of one third.

Ventilation of premises for various purposes in a cottage

Garage ventilation

Exhaust gases, grease and fuel vapors accumulate in the garage. In a certain concentration, they are dangerous to health and life. It is especially important to properly equip ventilation if the garage is located in the basement of the cottage or is attached to it close to it. A powerful forced draft is installed.

Kitchen ventilation

This is a room that needs enhanced ventilation. Vapors, cooking odors and heat should not spread throughout the house. Therefore, an exhaust hood is made above the hob, and an exhaust ventilation duct outlet is equipped for the outflow of steam accumulations under the ceiling.

By the way, a mechanical cooker hood can significantly change the movement of air flows and disrupt the ventilation of the house!

For more information on the design of natural ventilation in a cottage, consult a specialist.

Bathroom ventilation

In the wettest areas of the cottage, natural ventilation is usually designed. Sometimes air exchange is enhanced by forced draft - exhaust fans. According to the rules for the equipment of exhaust ventilation in cottages, air ducts from the toilet and bathroom are not combined with air ducts from other rooms.

Pool ventilation

The abundance of constantly evaporating moisture requires intensive extraction. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain a comfortable air temperature. Therefore, such rooms in cottages are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation systems, as well as air dryers.

Ventilation of living quarters

For residential premises, it is quite enough to provide a constant flow of fresh air from the street, which will displace the used air through the cracks in the door frames, under the interior doors.Therefore, when designing ventilation for a cottage, you can limit yourself to supply valves or supply air ducts, depending on the selected air exchange system.

Ventilation of the basement of the cottage

The basement of the cottage can accommodate workshops, a sauna, a swimming pool, a laundry room, and storage rooms. To create a normal microclimate, it is necessary to equip the ventilation of the basement of the cottage. It consists of ventilation ducts and one or more vents.

Necessarily at the design stage of the cottage, ventilation vents of the basement are provided. The number and area of ​​vents depends on the size of the house, its location, terrain, type of soil. How to calculate them correctly, see the video.

Ventilation in the basement of the cottage is also provided by the supply and exhaust system. It consists of two pipes: one through which air enters the basement, through the other it is pulled out. The pipes are installed vertically in opposite corners of the room. The chimney outlet should be 20-30 cm below the ceiling. And the supply outlet is 20 cm above the floor. The chimney is led out into the attic.

If the cottage is equipped with a fireplace, it is advisable to position the ventilation of the basement of the cottage near the chimney. This increases cravings.

Slide dampers are used to regulate the movement of air.

If the humidity in the basement is high and natural ventilation cannot cope, a fan is installed in the exhaust pipe, forcibly removing the humid and stale air.