Well water filtration: slotted, main, carbon filter

Pure drinking water is a guarantee of excellent well-being and good health. Therefore, it is worth paying due attention to the additional purification of the liquid supplied from autonomous sources of a suburban area or in the country. Full filtration of water from the well allows you to easily eat it, use it for household appliances, heating equipment. It is necessary to install the treatment system at the bottom of the source and after entering the highway into the house.

Purpose of filters

Any sewage treatment plants are divided into two types - coarse and fine. The first ones are designed to prevent large suspensions from entering the water - sand, clay, gravel stones, etc. Thin filters are designed for additional purification of liquids from dissolved chemical elements:

• calcium salts, magnesium;
• ferrous iron;
• manganese;
• nitrates;
• petroleum products;
• organics and bacteria;
• hydrogen sulfide, etc.

Correctly selected coarse filters for water from a well are the key to the full operation of a hydraulic structure. Otherwise, the source will have to be pumped frequently.

Types of coarse filters

In total, there are several types of cleaning devices for coarse cleaning.

Reticulate

A stainless steel wire is used, from which a fine mesh is made. Such filters are used for sand wells. The mesh size is 0.12-3 mm. Sand will not pass through it.

The advantages of such devices are:

• ease of installation;
• good cleaning ability.

The disadvantages include:

• fast clogging of mesh cells with grains of sand;
• equipment failure due to clogging;
• bringing the source to a decrease in performance due to the high resistance of the mesh.

A filter of this type for water wells becomes clogged especially quickly with iron and lime particles. Therefore, such devices are not installed on highly mineralized or Fe-enriched water. Such a filter is well suited for an Abyssinian needle hole.

Slotted perforated filter

The devices represent a perforated section of the casing in the lower part of it. Slots or small holes are made at a distance of 1.5 cm from each other along the entire circumference of the tube and within 1 m from its bottom point. A slotted or perforated filter is used in an artesian well for water enriched with lime, but not clay or sand.

It is most convenient to apply perforation on granite or crushed stone horizons or where there is a threat of collapse, destruction of rocks.

The cost of a slotted filter varies depending on the material of its manufacture, the number of holes per 1 cm2 and their parameters (sizes).

Wire coarse

These types of installations can be equally effectively used both for a well on sand and for an artesian source. The main components of the wire filter are the frame, the perforated base and the sump. Outwardly, such a device looks like a piece of perforated pipe with a size of 10-20 mm, covered with wire winding.

The main advantages of the device:

• durability;
• good cleaning ability;
• the possibility of replacing the filter provided that there are two pipes of the column - the main and the operational. If both functions are performed by one tube, it is impossible to dismantle the wire structure and install a new one.

The main disadvantage of the wire filter is the difficulty in cleaning it.

Gravel backfill

As a treatment system, sprinkling of the casing with a layer of sand and gravel is used. The size of the pebble particles is 5-10 times larger than the fraction of the main rock of the aquifer. As a rule, the thickness of the cleaning backfill layer reaches 15-20 cm.

The main advantages of a gravel filter are safety and complete environmental friendliness.

Varieties of treatment plants for the home

The second stage of downhole water purification is fine filtration - removal of any third-party dissolved impurities from the liquid. For this, a variety of installations are used, depending on the results of laboratory analysis of the well resource.

Iron removers

Iron in a concentration above the norm causes irreparable harm to human health, therefore it is important to remove the chemical element from the water. To do this, use:

• Pressure aerators. They are columns into which air is supplied under pressure. Combining with iron molecules, oxygen leads to their oxidation. The chemical element passes into a trivalent suspended state. All that remains is to remove visible iron particles with a mechanical filter.
• Non-pressure installations for deferrization. Water from the well is fed into large reservoirs through nozzles. When it is sprayed, the dissolved iron comes into contact with oxygen. In the process of oxidation, Fe passes into the trivalent state and is removed from the liquid through a strainer.
• Coal backfills. They work only if Fe3 is present in the water. It is important to change cartridges regularly.
• Ion exchange installations. Replace iron ions with sodium ions. Ion exchange resin also requires regular replacement. In addition, it cannot be disposed of with household waste.

Aerators are best suited for the home.

Reverse osmosis plants

These are multi-stage purification systems, thanks to which the water can be completely filtered from nitrates, iron, chlorine, pesticides, lime and other impurities. The installation works on the principle of water pumping through a membrane under high pressure. Such a barrier allows only liquid molecules to pass through itself, but not particles of impurities. All dirt is then washed off the membrane and discharged into the drain. Self-cleaning is in progress.

After the water passes through the membrane, it goes into flasks with carbon backfills or mineralizing layers in order to be completely purified and enriched with the necessary microelements.

The reverse osmosis connection is performed under the sink with a separate tap for drinking water. The filter membrane and other fillings must be changed regularly.

Trunk flow installations

These are the most powerful types of filters that are placed on the input of the water supply line into the house. The main equipment has a good degree of purification and also drives the liquid through several flasks - mesh, with filtration carbon, ion-exchange. Trunk equipment can be put on hot and cold water.

Budget option - standard pitcher

If laboratory analysis showed insignificant amounts of foreign impurities in the water, you can simply buy a filter jug ​​with a replaceable cartridge. It is selected according to the type of contamination of the liquid - for iron, chlorine, lime, etc. The most popular jug ​​among Russians is Aquaphor. The same manufacturer also offers the buyer more complex reverse osmosis systems.

How to determine the type of coarse filter

Bottom treatment facilities are selected according to the type of horizon impurities and their fractions. Recommendations:

• For artesian springs in rocky horizons - a rod or tubular filter, slotted or with round perforations. It prevents particles of crushed stone and gravel from entering the mine with a fraction of 20-100 mm.
• Wells with gravel bottom or gravelly sand bottom - perforated filter with stainless steel wire wrapped. Stops the penetration of particles 1-10 mm in size.
• Sandy bottom with a particle size of 1-2 mm impurities - slotted or perforated filter with wire winding or square mesh.
• A gravel filter, one-, two-layer, stops impurities 0.25-0.5 mm from entering the well.

Before selecting the type of treatment system, it is important to accurately establish the type of aquifer and the rocks prevailing in it.

How to install a coarse filter

Any self-made sewage treatment plant (slotted, perforated cut) is prepared on the surface with their own hands before casing. For this, holes are formed on the polypropylene pipe using a perforator or a gas cutter. The scheme of their location - in lines or in a checkerboard pattern. The step of the indent is 1.5-2 cm. All holes must be made, stepping back from the lower edge of the column 100 cm. The bottom of the pipe must be closed with a wooden stopper or welded.

The finished perforation is wrapped with a mesh. The size of the cells is selected experimentally. They are trying to spill water with admixtures of sand of different fractions through the mesh. It is good if the cells do not pass more than 50% of the granules.

The mesh is fastened with rivets or spot welding.

When ready, the pipe with the bottom filter is lowered to the bottom of the source, building up the column in solid sections.

When installing a gravel pack, there is one condition - the diameter of the source must be greater than the section of the casing. In other cases, you may not even start the construction of gravel layers. After the lower perforated part of the wellbore is lowered into the well, it is sprinkled with coarse and medium gravel. Layer thickness - over the entire height of the perforation.

The cost of filters for water wells

Prices for filters for purifying water from a well to a private house vary depending on the type of installation:

• the cheapest plastic jug Aquaphor - from 280 rubles. and higher;
• installation for the Aquaklin coffee machine (for hard water from scale) - from 1,500 rubles;
• reverse osmosis for liquids for drinking - from 7 100 rubles;
• aeration column - from 33,000 rubles;
• ion exchange units - from 2,500 rubles;
• main backwash - from 920 rubles;
• plastic (PVC-U) with LDPE spraying - from 4,900 rubles;
• borehole slotted frame filter FSSCh - from 4,500 rubles;
• frameless - from 3,000 rubles.

The cost of purchasing replacement cartridges must be added to the total cost of any type of system for purifying fluid from a well / well. Most Russian consumers prefer to purchase treatment facilities at Leroy Merlin. Reviews about this market are the most worthy.