Well construction in a private area involves the use of a good pumping station. With its help, it is possible to ensure a continuous supply of water to the system and maintain a stable pressure in the line. The main thing is to correctly connect the pumping station to the well.
Preparatory stage
Before tackling the device of the pumping station, you need to carry out several preliminary stages of work.
Choosing the type of equipment
For wells on sand up to 20 meters deep, you can take a surface pump. It is capable of lifting water from a level up to 9 meters. The productivity of the unit can be increased by an external ejector. In this case, water will be taken from a depth of up to 18-20 meters, but with less equipment power.
For deep wells, it is worth buying a submersible pump. Best of all is deep. The device looks like a flask, which is placed in the casing one meter from the bottom. The Danish pump Grundfos uses excellent characteristics, the price of which varies depending on the immersion depth.
The rest of the equipment is selected according to the following technical parameters:
- power;
- performance;
- pressure;
- cost.
The pump capacity should not exceed the well performance. Otherwise, the mine will quickly empty and fill slowly.
Choice of pipes
For the installation of a water supply system, you need to purchase pipes for the external and internal lines. It is better to lay the outer line with HDPE products. They are not afraid of temperature changes, static and dynamic soil pressure. They have a smooth inner surface that ensures a normal flow of water.
It is better to lay polypropylene pipes inside the house. Their installation is performed by soldering. As a result, the molten polymer forms a perfectly sealed connection.
Choosing a location
It is better to connect the water station to the well as close as possible to the hydraulic structure. There are several main places where you can install the equipment:
- Basement of a private cottage. It is always dry, moderately warm here. You will not have to spend money on the construction of a technical room and its insulation. But it is important to remember that a working pumping station emits very loud noises, which can cause discomfort for residents of the house. It will be necessary to soundproof the basement in order to install pressure equipment in it.
- Caisson. This is a special protective chamber located at the very head of the well. The caisson is convenient in that it completely isolates all residents of the house from noise, protects equipment from precipitation, cold, vandals. When installing a camera, you can not be afraid that moisture will have a negative effect on the walls of the basement, even when it comes to condensation.
There are several important principles that should be followed when choosing a place for installing a pumping station:
- It is desirable to mount the equipment as close to the source as possible.
- Access to equipment should be free all year round.
- It is important to ensure good ventilation of the room.
Most craftsmen still prefer a caisson. In addition, under certain conditions of its installation and laying of the pipeline, it is possible to save a little on consumables.
Station connection options
There are two ways to connect the pumping station to the pipeline:
- Through the borehole adapter. This is a device that is a kind of adapter between the water intake pipe in the source shaft and the pipes of the water supply outside. Thanks to the borehole adapter, it is possible to draw the line out of the hydraulic structure immediately below the freezing point of the soil and at the same time save on the installation of the caisson.
- Through the head. In this case, you will have to take care of high-quality insulation of the upper part of the source. Otherwise, ice will form here in subzero temperatures. The system will stop working or break in one of the places.
To connect the pumping station to the well, you need to use only high-quality fittings, fittings, sealant. Otherwise, leaks are not excluded in the system.
Installation and connection stage
The installation of pumping water equipment begins with a pipeline device. For the outside line, it is worth digging trenches according to a pre-drawn plan. The depth of the channel is below the level of soil freezing. If this cannot be done due to the peculiarities of the relief or the high level of groundwater, high-quality insulation of the highway is provided. It is better to use polystyrene shells.
At the entrance of the pipeline into the house, a technical hole is made in the foundation using a perforator crown. The gap is reinforced with a steel sleeve. All gaps are carefully sealed and insulated. It is the entrance of the mains into the house that can become that cold bridge, which will lead in the future to freezing of water in the system.
Internal wiring of the line is done in a sequential or collector way. The first option involves branching a pipe to each plumbing fixture from the main line. Material consumption is minimal here. But the pressure in the water supply system will also be unstable when two or more taps are opened simultaneously. The manifold wiring provides a good head regardless of the number of working plumbing points, but leads to an overconsumption of materials.
The backfill of the external water supply system is performed without compaction of the soil. It is simply poured as it subsides.
Submersible equipment
The connection diagram of a pumping station to a well for a private house with a deep pump is relatively simple. If a downhole adapter is used, the work is performed as follows:
- A water-lifting hose is fixed to the outlet of the deep-well pump. This is done using a fitting. Hose length should match the height of the casing from the pump location to the inside of the downhole adapter.
- In parallel, the supply cable and the safety cable are stretched on the ground. To avoid their tangling in the casing, all three elements are pulled together with construction clamps in increments of 1 m. It is important to avoid tension or sagging of at least one of them.
- A technical hole is made in the casing below the level of soil freezing for the adapter outlet.
- A water supply hose coming from the pump is fixed to the back of the adapter. The unit is carefully lowered into the source shaft and, using a special key, the adapter element is inserted into the hole made.
- Outside, it is connected to the second part and tightens well.
- At this stage, the installation of a pumping station (hydraulic accumulator, pressure gauge, pressure switch) is performed. The tank must be securely fixed by pulling it to the base with anchor bolts.
- A pipe is connected to the inlet pipe of the accumulator, which extends from the outer part of the borehole adapter. A check valve is installed before entering the tank. It will prevent water from draining out of the reservoir.
- A water supply line is pulled from the outlet pipe of the tank, installing another check valve one meter from the tank. All joints must be connected using a sealant.
If the pumping station is connected through the head, the water supply hose is led out through the top of it, and the safety cable is attached to the carabiner on the inside of it.
Surface pump
The sequence for connecting a pumping station with a surface pump looks like this:
- The unit and the accumulator are placed close to each other.
- A water intake hose is connected to the pump inlet. A coarse filter is put on its end.
- The pipe is lowered to the desired level of the shaft.
- The accumulator and the pump are connected by a piece of pipe equipped with a check valve.
- The next item for the phased connection of pumping equipment is the device of the main water supply line.
Equipment is never started dry. First, you need to pour water into the accumulator and pump through special technical holes and only then allow the unit to pump.
Switching on the station
At the initial start-up of the equipment, it is necessary to adjust the operating pressures of the accumulator. For the lower parameter, the optimal indicator is 1.5 atm. For the upper limit - 3-3.5 atm. With these parameters, the pump is fully connected and disconnected, ensuring the normal operation of the system.
The pressure is regulated using a pressure gauge and a relay. The handles are twisted in the direction of the arrows indicated opposite them.
If, after adjusting the pressure, the pumping station works without interruptions, there are no leaks at the joints, then it is possible to backfill the trench of the external water supply system.
The control unit is placed in close proximity to the pump and hydraulic tank.
Frequent mistakes
When installing a pumping station, masters can make the following flaws:
- The absence of check valves at all inputs to the equipment. From this, water will constantly flow back, which will lead to incorrect operation of the station.
- Lack of stock of pipe length. It is worth considering all the turns of the highway, entrances to the house. It is better to take a section with a margin than to increase the number of connections or the number of consumable pipe sections.
- Keyless joining of threaded fittings. Even if a master of remarkable strength, it is better to tighten the elements with a special tool. Otherwise, the line may be depressurized.
- Lack of pressure regulation for the accumulator. It leads to excessive consumption of electricity, combustion of the pump, unstable pressure in the water supply system.
- Ignoring the filtration system. Well water requires good treatment. Even if visually it is completely transparent. The filter type is selected after laboratory analysis. The most optimal are reverse osmosis installations, the separation of the flasks in which allows performing several stages of liquid purification at once. Such filters are connected under the sink with a separate tap for drinking water.
Subject to all the above recommendations, the master can independently connect a pumping station for an Abyssinian well (skavazhina-needle) in the country or a source on the sand with his own hands.
