The heterogeneous structure of the soil retains water in the area. This leads to devastating consequences, to prevent which a drainage well is used. This is the name of a structure designed for the timely removal of moisture. It is especially in demand in areas with clay soil, which prevents the natural outflow of fluid.
Definition and purpose of a drainage well
The way out of the situation is to drill drainage wells. This is one of the simplest techniques that has managed to prove its effectiveness. It provides quick and regular drainage from the site, regardless of the season. Several holes are made in the ground, cutting through the waterproof layers. Through them, moisture goes into reservoirs located at great depths.
The size of the wells depends on the thickness of the clay layer, usually it does not exceed 4 meters, but sometimes it is necessary to drill even 10-meter holes.
Drilling causes both compaction and loosening of the soil. Because of this, work is by no means carried out near the foundation. In the worst case, moisture will pass through the walls of the pit, provoking suffusion - the removal of soil particles to the surface. This destroys the soil, causing the foundation to shrink. To save him, the owner will be forced to raise the water table. To prevent this from happening, you need to use the services of professionals.
Principle of operation
The water is lowered through one or more wells. They are drilled in a certain sequence, passing through the waterproof layer. A pipe with pre-made holes is placed inside, where crushed stone (expanded clay) is poured. Through it, the liquid leaves the site and goes down.
In all cases, the depth of the holes should be below the level of the foundation and freezing of the soil, excluding the destruction and flooding of the lower tiers of the house. Crushed stone or expanded clay are poured so that the walls do not collapse, narrowing the diameter. In the presence of a pipe, these materials are poured inside for filtration, many holes are made throughout the structure. From above, the structure is closed with a lid and sprinkled with earth.
Initially, a drainage hole in high groundwater is done as a trial to reveal the soil layers by determining the desired depth. The procedure is carried out on their own or with the assistance of specialists.
Drainage well device
- Horizontal. Trench with several connected gutters.
- Vertical. Well with or without pump.
- Combined. The trench is connected to several wells.
- Cumulative. The collected moisture is subsequently used for irrigation.
In any case, the arrangement is carried out at a distance from the buildings. All of these structures quickly drain the area. If the hole is drilled to a shallow depth, it should be made wider. At the bottom, crushed stone, expanded clay or concrete chips must be placed. They strengthen drainage while acting as a filter at the same time.
All methods are effective, but in each case, water is removed from the reservoirs in a different way.Horizontal wells provide for its independent withdrawal from the site. In vertical structures, the process is carried out using a pump. Forced pumping is associated with seasonal phenomena when reservoirs overflow.
The pump creates a suction force that changes the shape of the water, turning it into a funnel, the diameter and depth of which increases or decreases as it is pumped out. With an expanded structure of wells, the pumps are interconnected, forming a single drainage space.
Well placement scheme
Each hole forms a hydrocone with 45 ° vertical opening angles. Based on this, a well layout is drawn up. Their number and parameters also depend on the following factors:
- landscape features;
- soil structure;
- average precipitation;
- groundwater level.
- depth and marking of elements on the surface;
- the slope and direction of individual wells or channels, the interval between them;
- dimensions of all system components;
- list of materials.
The main thing is to correctly calculate the soil layer that you want to cut, as well as determine the number and order of holes. In the absence of experience, the help of specialists will be useful.
Forced pumping of water leads to dangerous phenomena when voids are formed under the ground and it collapses. If the work is carried out on a large area, the project must take into account the movement, and the soil is specially compacted.
Self-flowing wells are cheaper due to the lack of a pump. Often they are installed as a backup option in case the main drainage fails. In large areas, several types of holes are used. It is important that the auxiliary wells work periodically, otherwise later they will have to use a special pump - an airlift to start them.
Stages of work
- Creation of a diagram, preparation of tools and materials.
- Drilling a well 10-15 cm in diameter, 2-4 meters deep.
- Inserting a custom pipe with pre-drilled holes.
- Filling the pipe with washed crushed stone, expanded clay.
- Installing a cover or covering with a waterproof material and backfilling with earth.
Drainage of the site with the help of drainage wells is carried out constantly, but for this the technology must be followed.
The cost of drilling a drainage well
The final decision is made by the owner of the site. The price per meter of drilling drainage wells for drainage depends on the characteristics of the soil, the nature and duration of the work. On average, the cost starts from 1,500 rubles. It is advisable to resort to the services of professionals when it comes to a large territory where it is difficult to cope on your own. In addition, it saves time and effort by eliminating errors and rework.
The staff scrutinizes the house and other structures on site. Their activities are regulated by standards and certificates, which ensures the safe operation of the drainage system. Adequate service presupposes a long-term guarantee from the contractor's company.
