Review and construction of Kuznetsov bell-type furnaces

Kuznetsov's bell-type stoves are one of the most popular heating elements today, not only in Russia, but also far beyond the borders of the country. This popularity is due to its economy and high heat output. The efficiency of the heating element is approximately 80%. Such a high figure was achieved due to the new principle of gas movement inside the device.

Scheme of Kuznetsov bell furnace

To build this oven, you need to adhere to the following scheme:

• The first two rows are laid out with red bricks. Their number can be increased to increase the thermal conductivity of the device. To hold the bricks together, you need to use a special clay mortar. The use of a product with cement in this case is irrelevant.
• A blower is built in from the second row, and channels for the chimney are determined. In front and on the side of the device, the doors are fixed, which are needed to read the heater. Their fastening is carried out using steel wire, which is mounted in the masonry. To prevent the structure from moving when heated, basalt wool or asbestos sheet is fixed between the brick and the furnace casting. The thickness of such a gasket should be 5-6 mm.
• The fourth row should be above the blower cover, overlapping it. A metal corner is used to support the top layer of bricks. It is fixed on the walls of the opening located on the side of the device.
  
• The lining of the working area is made from the fifth row. For this, fireclay bricks are used. For this design, it is placed on the edge. To fix the elements, it is recommended to use fireclay clay, since it will not change under the influence of high temperatures. In addition to the lining of the working area, a grate is fixed here. Also at this stage, the first dry seams are made. To perform it, clay mortar is removed from the masonry in certain places. In its place, gaskets from any mineral cardboard are fixed.
• Simultaneously with the sixth row of masonry, the combustion door is fixed. You can buy various types of these devices in a hardware store, but for a stylish design, it is recommended to buy cast iron models.
• Stacked 7, 8, 9 rows, while the ninth row should cover the opening of the combustion door.
• Laying of 10, 11, 12, 13 rows is carried out. On the 12th and 13th rows, catalyst columns are arranged inside the heating element.
• Rows 14 to 16 are fixed.
• Rows 17 and 18 are laid in such a way that the masonry overlaps the lower hood of the heating system.
• On the 19th row, an upper hood is installed with heat exchange channels built into the structure. The four doors are also locked so that these channels can be cleaned.
• Rows 20-27 are stacked.
• On the 28th row, the smoke channel valve is fixed. Its presence in the structure is necessary to prevent the heating element from cooling down between heating processes.
• On the 29-30th row, the upper domed vault is equipped.
• A chimney is being installed on the 31st row.

After the manufacture of the heating element is completed, the kindling is performed. For this, a minimum amount of fuel is used. Cracks may form inside the appliance when the stove is loaded to the maximum.When the appliance is tested, it may start to smoke. At the first fire, this is a normal process, since all the internal elements of the structure are warming up. It is not normal if the oven smokes the next time it is used. As a rule, this means that the construction technology has been violated. In this case, further operation of the structure is impossible. It is necessary to first correct the error and only then use the oven for its intended purpose. If the heating element does not smoke, the device can be successfully operated further.

Diagram of Kuznetsov's two-bell furnace

The principle of operation of this heating element is that air enters the furnace through the blower. Thanks to this, the lightest fuel burns out first, and then more essential materials. As a result of this, pyrolysis gases burn under the third bell dome. If the flame begins to blaze too much, the thrust automatically weakens and the flame begins to burn more slowly, and vice versa - if the fire does not burn well, the thrust increases and due to this the flashes intensify. In the two-bell device, a second dome is made so that the combustion process does not deteriorate.

The construction algorithm for a two-bell furnace does not differ from the bell-type furnace scheme, but it has a two-bell design.

Heating and cooking oven diagram

Kuznetsov's heating and cooking ovens are multifunctional designs. They not only provide space heating, but they can also be used for cooking. The design scheme will be the same as the construction algorithm for the Kuznetsov bell-type stove, but here a hob with a pair of burners is added. You can also equip an oven and several trays for drying. Installation of a heating and cooking stove is important in the kitchen or in the dining room or living room combined with the kitchen.

Independent manufacture of the Kuznetsov furnace

The construction of a Kuznetsov furnace is a simple process, but it requires certain skills. In the absence of experience in brick laying, the work should be done slowly and very carefully. Here are the basic rules to follow when erecting a structure:

• As the temperature rises, the brick expands. Therefore, the brick should be laid so that the refractory covering has empty space on all sides.
• To strengthen the strength of the masonry, it is recommended to fix a metal wire in every third row.
• A special gasket must be installed between the brick and the doors.
• The doors are installed carefully so as not to spoil the appearance of the structure.
• When the heating element is installed, the entire furnace is impregnated with a refractory compound.

Selection of the Kuznetsov furnace project

For beginners who have no experience with brickwork, it is recommended to choose simple stove projects that do not require special work skills. In addition, they should not design the structures themselves. Only experienced craftsmen can create independent schemes. In addition, they can choose ready-made projects of any complexity.

Choice of materials

To build a Kuznetsov furnace, you need to stock up on the following materials:

• refractory bricks for arranging a heating element;
• brick for the construction of facing masonry;
• clay resistant to high temperatures;
• cleaned sand for a solution, the volume of which should be 2 times greater than the volume of clay;
• metal wire;
• metal corner;
• casting for the stove, which includes a grate, latches and doors;
• a hob with two burners, if a heating and cooking structure is equipped.

In order to be able to operate the furnace for a long time, all materials for construction should be selected of high quality.

Instrument preparation

To build the structure yourself, you will need the following tools:

• plumb line;
• building level;
• trowel;
• spatulas;
• the container in which the solution will be prepared;
• Bulgarian;
• puncher;
• mixer nozzle.

Only the availability of these tools guarantees fast work completion.

Preparation of the site for the furnace and arrangement of the foundation

The Kuznetsov stove is installed in the kitchen or in the central room of the house. Before erecting a structure, you should prepare the foundation. The algorithm for its construction will be as follows:

• a rectangular pit is dug, the depth of which is 1 m, width - 1 m, length - 1.5 m;
• the pit is covered with sand, the layer of which should be 15 cm and left for several days to "sit down";
• formwork is made from boards;
• for concrete reinforcement, a thin metal rod is laid;
• concrete is poured, preventing the appearance of bubbles;
• the concrete is left to harden for several days.

When the foundation is ready, the structure is erected.

Pros and cons of Kuznetsov ovens

For normal operation of the heating element, the design must be made in compliance with all the rules. Only such a stove has all its inherent advantages, namely:

• high efficiency factor. It is approximately 80%. If we compare it with a Russian stove, then the efficiency there is only 30%.
• no need to clean the channels;
• a simple way to heat the room;
• long operational period;
• high efficiency and productivity.

Any heating element has not only advantages, but also disadvantages. Kuznetsov's stoves were no exception. The disadvantages of such designs include:

• complexity in the construction of the structure;
• duration of work;
• high price of materials.

The Kuznetsov stove is an efficient heating system. You can build structures with a hob, a dryer for vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms, as well as a bread maker. It is best to entrust the arrangement of the stove to a professional. If this is not possible, then you can build the structure yourself, using the schemes given in this article for this.