The camcorder transmits video in digital size over the TokenRing network and Ethernet over IP. The monitoring device is a line module that is assigned an address. After connecting, you need to search for IP cameras in the network for initial adjustment of operating parameters and image acquisition. There are special programs for finding similar devices that support cloud service.
Methods for determining the IP address of a surveillance camera
Each node in a computer network is assigned a unique code - an Internet protocol, which is built on the basis of a TCP / IP protocol stack. On the Internet, complete uniqueness of the code is needed, when operating on a local network - within limited limits.
Code length depending on protocol versions:
- IPv4 - dina 4 bytes;
- IPv6 is 16 bytes in size.
The need to change the IP address arises during the initial configuration. Sometimes one worker performs the adjustment, and another specialist maintains the observation device. The service company may change, the system is managed by a different administrator, or the organization has bought a building with an established surveillance scheme.
Manufacturers develop different identification methods, so it is best to pay attention to the manufacturer's instructions. Another way involves using utilities from the developer, such as a CD, using a selection method or router functions.
By default, if the new device
There are default values for the security camera:
- Dahua - address 192.168.1.108, account - admin, password - admin;
- Hikvision - code 192.0.0.64, login - admin, confirmation - 12345.
It is impossible to simultaneously configure two or more cameras in the same local network, especially if the video devices are from the same manufacturer, since they initially have the same code - an address conflict will result. First, you need to connect one camera, change its individual parameters in accordance with the address range of the local hem, then the second.
There are cases when the manufacturer does not define the code, there is a network module configuration document (DHCP). The user configures the characteristics of the location manually. The task becomes more difficult if there is no router.
Using the web interface
In the first case, the Wireshark program is downloaded, the video camera is connected to a computer or smartphone. The launch is in progress, it is allowed to function in all firewalls. The work goes directly to exclude filtering of all traffic. Lines will appear where you can see the IP address of the scanner or recorder.
The second option is suitable for owners of a Mikrotik router. You can find out the IP address of the camera by connecting to the router and running the WinBox utility.
After authorization, the following steps are performed:
- define the interface for connecting a video device;
- start or install Torch;
- start scanning automatically or by pressing start;
- check the list of strings for the presence of an address.
After that, the computer settings are changed so that the camera and the gadget are in the same net.The found address is entered in the platform line and a window appears for entering the password and account name. Authorization allows the tracking device to access the WEB interface, the user assigns a new location code.
Special programs
IPC Manager, IP Wizard, Device Manage programs are used when the IP cipher has already been changed by the previous user for the next address translation. The utilities will be useful if there are multiple witness installations with the same factory authentication.
A package for studying the movement of a network card of gadgets has been developed. Wireshark is extensible under the free license of the GNU GPL. Another option is a free web browser from Torch Media Inc.
The Internet scanning method is used, but it takes a long time and cannot always find the IP camera on the network. The method does not give 100% of the total in the search, so it is better to adopt another option.
The method of selection or exclusion is used to find the identification code of the video camera among several devices that are simultaneously connected to a specific interface. The work is carried out in the "Network" menu. The codes of all cameras are selected from the menu, then the searched device is disabled and the missing address is determined.
Definition of IP in the local network
Together with the camera, a software package is sold that helps to quickly determine the position of the video device on the Internet, change auto settings and the address.
Such software can be found on the manufacturer's website, for example:
- you can easily find out the IP address of the Hikvision CCTV camera in the local network using the SADP service utility;
- for a Dahua camcorder, the Dahua config tool is suitable.
The platform is used for scanning the location Advanced IP Scanner, which finds the MAC and IP codes of devices connected to the Internet. In this case, the addresses of the camera and the gadget must be within the same subnet - the penultimate IP digits within the boundaries of the local service must be identical. The requirement applies to video devices and all modules connected to the same network.
Factory auto-settings are determined after reading the manufacturer's instructions, where the default address or default settings are set.
How to find the camera ID
It is important not to allow duplicate codes, otherwise access to the video device will not be obtained, and the address will need to be changed a second time. You cannot occupy the default addresses that are used by the router.
The program recognizes the unique MAC code of the network card of the IP video camera, which does not change without a special programmer. In order not to make mistakes when finding a location on the network, the search range is predefined.
The first address from the list (pool) is selected. The last digits of the addresses are assigned chronologically if multiple cameras are used. The recorder is given the first number in order, and the video units are assigned the following numbers.
Change settings
Parallel video devices are connected to the router using a cable or wireless transmission. Port numbers are changed in the camera settings, individual codes are prescribed for all modules in the range from 1,000 to 60,000. Port forwarding is performed on the router. This is a technology for the Internet to address a gadget on a local line behind a router. Access is obtained after reorienting the traffic of some ports from an external address according to the location code of the computer in the internal grid.
The video installation on the Internet is located using the Dahua Config Utility program.The platform finds the IP of the equipment in the grid, captures the extended information about the camera. Using the utility, you can make sample templates for settings and apply them to all witnesses. The time and date on the camcorders are changed here, and the auto adjustments are reset to the factory settings.
Web interface
It is one or more pages that represent a user for communicating with a device or service industry. The protocol and HTTP of the browser is used. Interfaces are populated in compliance with the same requirements for functionality and design if they work with different browsers.
Web interfaces are created using the classical method using HTML in conjunction with Java Script and CSS. Difficulties arise due to the different implementation of the specifications during development and support. The user adjusts the characteristics of the font, color, which causes incorrect work.
A method is being spread using Silverlight or Adobe Flash to implement ideas on the interface. Browsers support such technologies with plugins, and compiling web browsers is straightforward. Applications and utilities of this series give more options to the user when using the interface.
Is there a danger of hacking the camera
Most crackers gain popularity by finding weaknesses in security systems and posting footage for review on the Internet. Other incidents are dangerous breaches of the security system, and hackers plan the attack in advance. There is a falsification of the RTSP stream of the digital signal. Unauthorized entry into the local network is punishable by law.
Users connect video cameras via RTSP links to save time or as a result of ignorance and do not think about changing passwords and setting security settings.
In practice, the actions of the cracker proceed according to the plan:
- the RTSP stream is monitored for the device where the spoofing will be;
- a file is being prepared for transfer;
- the recorded video is broadcast;
- reverse replacement protection is performed.
The video stream is in accordance with the protocol. The video device transmits low-resolution images for broadcast and high-resolution images for recording. For them, the links differ by one number in the code.
General recommendations
Integration of video cameras into a software utility is used. Integration is checked in a special program or the user contacts technical support with a request.
Additional ways to enhance protection:
- Refreshing the firmware. With the update, the developers fix the vulnerability and increase the stability rate.
- Replacing passwords and account names. Standard indexes are given in the instructions and become publicly available information.
- Setting the login function. There are models with a double level of activation via ONVIF and HTTP access, other devices provide for user identification when entering the RTSP code.
IP address filtering and location recognition are used. The switch is being configured, many devices are working with the arp spoofing protection utility. At large facilities, the network is divided into the line of the enterprise and the Internet highway is separated for protection.
