Ventilation ducts in a private house or high-rise building are necessary for the outflow of exhaust air and supply of fresh air. The air exchange system is designed and built in accordance with the requirements SNiP 2.04.05-86 and SNiP 2.08.01-89... The basis for maintenance, inspection and cleaning of ventilation ducts are the standards for the operation of the housing stock.
Types of ventilation ducts
All types of ventilation ducts differ in the following indicators:
- Sectional shape:
- rectangular;
- round.
- Manufacturing material:
- PVC, plastic;
- brick;
- concrete;
- metal.
- Configurations:
- tough;
- flexible.
In apartment buildings with natural air exchange, ventilation ducts are equipped with special rectangular concrete blocks. Ventilation ducts in private houses with stove heating are made of brickwork.
Brickwork rules for ventilation ducts
When manufacturing ventilation ducts in a private house or high-rise building:
- only solid brick is used;
- standard section diameter 140 x 140 mm. If the ventilation duct is adjacent to the chimney, a ½ brick wall is made between them;
- so that the masonry is even and not clogged during the construction process, the inventory buoys technique is used (an empty plywood box is inserted into the trunk, which is moved as the mine is erected);
- The masonry from the inside should be as smooth as possible, since any irregularities worsen traction;
- To lay out inclined segments, use a brick hewn at the required angle.
For gas or steam heating, PVC or metal types of ventilation ducts are suitable.
The least resistance is created by smooth types of ventilation ducts, for example, pipes made of PVC or galvanized steel with a round cross section.
Flexible air ducts are often installed in small sections with many turns and forced air exchange. The ribbed inner surface creates strong resistance to air flow and reduces aerodynamic properties.
The displacer should be 8 to 10 rows high.
Requirements for ventilation ducts
Requirements for ventilation ducts apply to all types, regardless of materials and type of system:
- Ventilation ducts are erected in accordance with the project and building codes;
- The design takes into account the need for periodic checks of ventilation ducts, their cleaning. As well as fire safety rules;
- Air is removed from heated buildings by natural ventilation;
- The ventilation grilles on the ducts must always be open;
- The laying of ventilation ducts must be smooth, without protrusions and bulges, the direction of the ducts should be vertical;
- When replacing rectangular ventilation ducts with round ones, the cross-sectional area is selected equal to or greater than the original;
- The thickness of the brickwork of the ventilation duct made of bricks without cavities is from 12 cm. The inner walls of the ventilation duct are not plastered, excess mortar is removed by mopping;
- It is allowed to combine ventilation ducts of private houses with one riser with chimneys.
Requirements for ventilation ducts are taken into account during the construction and operation of the building.
Checking ventilation ducts and its frequency
The condition of the ventilation ducts is checked by Rospotrebnadzor employees. In residential buildings, this is the responsibility of the management company. The inspection plan is coordinated with the sanitary services.
The first check of the condition of ventilation ducts is assigned when the building is put into operation.
The frequency of checks of ventilation ducts in multi-storey buildings is once every 12 months, in rooms with gas appliances every 6 months. In rooms with special requirements for the state of the air environment (children's and medical, catering) - once every 6 months.
A technique for unscheduled inspections of ventilation ducts has been developed, which is used if there are grounds.
The check determines the need for repair, cleaning and disinfection of ventilation ducts.
When checking ventilation ducts in apartment buildings, pay attention to:
- the thickness of the walls of the ventilation duct made of brickwork;
- compliance of the material with the requirements of SNiP;
- compliance of the section with the project;
- quality of thermal insulation;
- the height of the head above the roof level, its condition;
- availability of protection from rain and snow;
- the presence of traction;
- compliance of the volume of the removed air with the standards.
When checking the condition of the ventilation ducts of apartment buildings, special attention is paid to the condition of the walls. Deposits of dust, debris, cobwebs, blockages are revealed.
All results are recorded in the inspection reports in duplicate. A period of 14 - 30 days is given to eliminate comments.
Canal survey technique
According to the method of checking ventilation ducts, all measurements are carried out when the temperature difference on the street and in the building is equal to 13 degrees.
To check the draft in the ventilation duct, attach a piece of thin paper to the ventilation grill. If there is sufficient traction, the leaf is held on the grate by itself.
The speed of air movement in the ventilation duct is measured by the device with an anemometer. Having determined it and knowing the parameters of the duct, you can calculate the volume of air passed by the system.
Inspection of the ventilation duct masonry is carried out using a camera, video camera or stereoscopic tube. The stereo tube is inserted into the ventilation duct, the lamp is turned on and the image is fed through the system of mirrors to the eyepiece.
The most modern device for periodically checking ventilation ducts is a photoacoustic video camera. It records and archives the received data. The visual inspection method makes it possible to determine the need to clean the ventilation duct, places of destruction, unauthorized alteration of the ventilation shaft by residents.
Cleaning ventilation ducts
Only the part of the ventilation duct adjacent to the apartment can be cleaned on your own.
What is necessary:
- screwdriver;
- long-handled brush or broom;
- a vacuum cleaner;
- respirator and cotton gloves.
Wear a respirator and protective gloves before cleaning the ventilation ducts in your apartment. When removing the grill, be careful! Insects and even rodents can live in the ventilation duct.
Work progress:
- carefully remove the ventilation grill;
- sweep the accessible part of the ventilation pipe with a broom;
- vacuum the remaining dust;
- rinse the ventilation grill and mesh thoroughly and put them back in place.
Unfortunately, cleaning near-apartment ventilation ducts rarely brings visible results. And only specialists can remove debris from the entire mine.
Residents are strictly forbidden to independently explore and clean the common house ventilation!
Standard cleaning of ventilation ducts is carried out with brush mechanisms with brushes of a suitable diameter. Sometimes special vacuum cleaners are used.If the ventilation ducts are large in diameter, people in protective suits and masks can go down in them on climbing equipment. They dismantle blockages in mines, remove large debris and stones, and clean the walls.
The cost of professional services depends on the scope of work and the complexity of access to the ventilation shaft. In some cases, this even requires the construction of scaffolding.
Video about the company's work on cleaning ventilation ducts:
