In five-storey residential buildings, popularly called "Khrushchevs", a natural ventilation system is equipped.
Features of the ventilation system in Khrushchev
The ventilation system in Khrushchev houses is a set of ventilation ducts coming from each apartment. These canals are combined into a shaft or canal located in the attic of the house. Most houses are no higher than 4 floors and today are equipped with a similar ventilation scheme in Khrushchev.
Some buildings are equipped with a shaft or a vertical channel, from which shafts extend in different directions to apartments. Air is drawn into such a shaft from the living quarters (toilet, bathroom, kitchen) and through one floor is introduced into a vertical channel. A similar ventilation scheme in Khrushchev shows better results than the one described above. It fully meets the requirements of firefighters. The efficiency of the hood is less dependent on the outside air temperature or the wind.
Technical standards allow the equipment of one collecting vertical duct for toilets and kitchens, if the branch is attached to the duct 2 meters higher than the ventilation grill of the room.
Ventilation scheme in Khrushchev
The ventilation device in the Khrushchevs is a ready-made concrete blocks stacked on top of each other. Most often, ventilation problems in Khrushchevs are associated with poor connection of ventilation blocks between floors. Leaking joints reduce traction. Therefore, air and smells are transferred from some apartments to others.
Factors of ventilation efficiency in Khrushchev
The following factors affect the efficiency of natural ventilation in a five-story building:
- Number of storeys;
- Sizes of windows, their construction (plastic or wooden);
- Arrangement of rooms in apartments;
- Tightness of doors and windows.
The presence of a small draft improves ventilation in the Khrushchev and is even provided for by the technical conditions. The most undesirable conditions that impair ventilation performance are heat outside in combination with open windows.
In this case, ventilation is completely disturbed, air moves from apartments to staircases or to the ventilation ducts of neighbors.
The ventilation device in the Khrushchev was calculated on the basis that the residents will have at least one open window in the apartment, the air temperature outside is about +5 degrees. At the same time, a change in these conditions changes the operation of the exhaust ventilation.
In addition to weather conditions, the density of the closed doors also affects the ventilation system in the Khrushchev.
